The abstracts, proceedings and presentations of keynote 
speech and Resilient PNT Panel of IAIN2018 will be 
uploaded to a HP of the IAIN2018 from 10th of December to 
the end of next February. 
    The information of the HP for downloading them and their 
password wlll be sent to all participants of IAIN2018 next 
week by e-mail. 
　In addition, if you have not been registered your email 
address to IAIN2018 secretary yet, please send your e-mail 
address to the secretariat (secretariat@iain2018.org). It 
will be used to send above information.

  Abstract
Marine and air transport industries, which bear a heavy responsibility of international trade, are facing two big challenges.
The first challenge is automation or autonomization of navigation which realizes safe and labor-saving transportation and better working environment for watch officers and pilots.
The second challenge is the pursuit of the economically effective and energy saving navigation to realize environmentally friendly transportation. Shipping companies and air lines are also making efforts to strengthen their competitiveness in this regard. These challenges require digitalized optimal navigation taking into account of the effect of navigation environment based on real time performance measurement of individual ships and planes.
Resilient and accurate Position, Navigation and Timings (PNTs)and intelligent navigation technologies are expected to play a big role in the measures to the two challenges.
In this talk, the two challenges are summarized and the expectation to resilient PNT and intelligent navigation solutions are expressed. 

  Abstract
The QZSS (Japan), Galileo (EU) and Beidou (China) are preparing the augmentation system for GNSS precise positioning services. The QZSS’s service will realize centimeter level accuracy, while the others target about 20 centimeters through 1 meter range accuracy. These services are readily applicable to the autonomous vehicles driving as the most intuitive and straightforward example. These must, however, incubate countless and inconceivable applications in our daily life, should the services be suitably combined with other new technologies such as AI, 5G, IoT, the robotics, the cloud computing, the big data, and so on. The navigation method itself of any mobile things including space vehicles should also change drastically depending on the GNSS service progress. The concept of “New World” of navigation guided by the GNSS precise positioning services is worth foreseeing. 

  Abstract
 The development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), such as the Russian GLONASS, the European Galileo, and China’s BeiDou, has resulted in new capabilities available for PNT in space. There are a number of on-going efforts to engage GNSS providers and space agencies to pursue compatibility and interoperability among these systems to support space operations. The objective is to develop a multi-GNSS SSV to support space users between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO), and eventually into Cislunar space. Key international engagements include bilateral discussions, such as those that led to the 2004 U.S.-European Union Agreement on GPS-Galileo Cooperation, and on-going multilateral discussions at venues such the United Nations (UN) International Committee on GNSS (ICG). Benefits to space users will include improved capabilities for on-board autonomous PNT, and better resilience to potential disruptions to GNSS signals. GPS and other GNSS constellations, consist of a core volume of satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) transmitting one-way radio signals that are used to calculate three-dimensional position in the terrestrial and near-Earth domain, plus time. To achieve this, at least four GNSS satellites are needed to be within line-of-sight at any given time to enable on-board real-time autonomous navigation. This level of performance has become a standard expectation for GPS users from the surface up to 3,000 km altitude, a region of space also known as the GPS Terrestrial Service Volume (GPS TSV). As we move up in altitude beyond 3,000 km the number of available GPS signals decreases and, because of poor geometry and blockage of main beam reception from the Earth, there are no longer at least four GPS signals available to enable real-time navigation. At these higher altitudes the “spill-over” energy radiating over-the-limb of the Earth have come to define the utility and access of GPS. This more challenging signal processing environment has been designated as the Space Service Volume (SSV), which is defined as the region of space between 3,000 km and GEO altitudes of about 36,000 km. If accessing the signals from all GNSSs, and regional navigation systems such as Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and India’s NavIC, there would be much improved capabilities to perform real-time on-board navigation at higher altitudes and, also, to obtain improved accuracy from using signals that are more optimally distributed in space (best geometry). However, this will require: (1) interoperability among GNSS constellations; and (2) common definitions / specifications for use of GNSS signals within a multi-GNSS SSV. Real-time on-board autonomous navigation is vitally important to users in High Earth Orbit (HEO) because it supports increased satellite autonomy for missions (thus lowering mission operation costs), significantly improved vehicle navigation performance, and quick mission recovery after spacecraft trajectory maneuvers. A multi-GNSS Space Service Voume will also stimulate a market for space-qualified GNSS recievers for all manner of emerging space platforms and applications.

  Abstract
There have been many significant advancements in UAV technology over the past 10-15 years. In this presentation, we will step back and evaluate how well we are really doing in this area by comparing performance of UAVs with those of Natural Autonomous Vehicles (NAVs), defined as entities that fly but are not designed, built, or controlled by a humans (birds, for example). Performance will be evaluated according to eight different metrics, and the “best in class” UAVs and NAVs for each metric are directly compared. The picture that emerges provides insight into where to put our UAV development efforts as we move toward the future. 

  Abstract
This talk will introduce the concept of smart and connected communities and smart cities, and will discuss the trends that guide the advances in the implementation of these concepts worldwide. Next, the smart mobility will be defined, and the focus will shift to various aspects of autonomous driving in a smart city. The motivation behind introducing driverless cars will be offered, as well as an overview of the current technology and levels of autonomy. The framework for testing the performance of autonomous vehicles will be addressed, with examples of research performed at The Ohio State University. In addition, the importance of PNT and geospatial technologies to smart cities and smart mobility will be discussed. Finally, the summary and the future outlook will be presented.

  Abstract
A holistic approach focusing on user needs and an architecture that is able to reliably fill them is required to achieve resilient navigation. In this light, relying entirely upon weak GNSS signals is insufficient. At the moment the space portion of that architecture is sufficient, though it is being increased regularly. We must do everything we can to protect navigation signals from space, ensure our ability to use them is maximized with toughened receivers, and augment space signals with other signals and autonomous systems. The presentation discusses ways in which efforts to protect, toughen, and augment GNSS are being pursued in various countries and other initiatives that should be undertaken.